Measuring and modeling of p and swave velocities on. Seismic displays visualization is key to seismic data analysis 3d displays are mostly done interactively using workstations in this plot. Seismic reflections of rock properties kindle edition by dvorkin, jack, gutierrez, mario a. Seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the seismic response from the subsurface to assess rock properties and conditions behind the observed seismic reflection amplitude, and to create an accurate geological subsurface model.
Reflection seismology or seismic reflection is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the earths subsurface from reflected seismic. The key innovation is a seismic inversion method that functions on the principles of. Seismic reflections of rock properties semantic scholar. Seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the seismic response from the subsurface to assess rock properties. Mar 11, 2016 seismic reflections record attributes such as amplitude, phase, polarity, arrival time and velocity that can be measured or estimated. Request pdf seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the seismic response from the subsurface. Lawton abstract the devonian appalachian basin in the northeast united. Extended interfaces, homogeneous with small dip angles less than 15 20. A very rough rule due to wyllie is the so called time average relationship. It can be used to derive important details about the geometry of structures and their physical properties.
Ideal conditions of application coincidence between seismic interfaces and. Rock properties that affect seismic velocity 1 porosity. Velocities vp and vs versus porosity in 173 gassaturated carbonate core samples. To answer these questions, i link reservoir thickness, lithology, porosity, and saturation to seismic data by coupling deterministic rock physics relationships and bayesian statistics. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading seismic reflections of rock properties. Seismic reflection terminations, also termed lapout, are stratal discontinuities recognized on seismic sections that separate apparently conformable sedimentary units from nonconformable units, forming the basis of seismic sequence stratigraphy. Then, the rock properties and fluid are perturbed to find a synthetic seismic response at this new synthetic reservoir. Good correlation coefficients between the synthetic seismic and real seismic. Each unit has an acoustic impedance equal to the rock density multiplied by the seismic velocity. Seismic reflections of rock properties this book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physicsbased forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock. Seismic reflections record attributes such as amplitude, phase, polarity, arrival time and velocity that can be measured or estimated. A comparison of the seismic crosssection and test results shows no correlation between the reflective properties of layers ac11 and ju0, and the character of fluid saturation. The presence of smallscale heterogeneities, creating variability in seismic properties that are on the.
Reservoir imaging using low frequencies of seismic reflections. Seismic seismic reflection reveals what is under the surface. Seismic data interpretation and evaluation for hydrocarbon exploration and production a practitioners guide. A new method of extracting the fundamental rock properties, lames parameters. The forwardmodeling approach developed and advocated here results in nonunique solutions, because different combinations of rock properties may produce the same reflections.
Seismic reflection methods environmental geophysics us epa. The book catalogs various cases, including clastic sediments, carbonates, timelapse seismic monitoring, and discusses the effect of attenuation on seismic reflections. Seismic refraction survey in imperial valley geovision typically uses the oyo das1 or geometrics r2460 seismograph for refraction and reflection investigations. Each unit has an acoustic impedance equal to the rock density multiplied by the seismic. The intensity of the reflection is dependent on how much energy is reflected back at the interface boundary.
Download seismic reflections of rock properties 2014. Several theoretical models of these effective properties developed in recent years predict that the fractured rock will be inelastic, with complex seismic velocities and elastic moduli. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Vbulk v fluid vmatrix i i 1 1 where i is the porosity. The reflections can be traced up to station 40, where they appear to be interrupted, probably by a fault, as marked on the section. Seismic facies and hydrocarbon potential of carbonate reservoirs in ramp settings alexander wunderlich. Seismic reflections of rock properties request pdf. Seismic impedance as any geophysical method, seismic reflection imaging is sensitive to only a specific physical property of the rock this property is called acoustic impedance.
The attributes define the shape and arrival time of reflection waveforms which depend on rock properties. This is not based on any convincing theory but is roughly right when the effective pressure is high and the rock is fully saturated. It is important because geological concepts of stratigraphy can be applied on seismic data and hence, seismic stratigraphy can be used as a predictive tool for petroleum system elements like reservoir, seal and source rock. Much evidence shows the presence of low frequency spectral anomalies with a high degree of correlation to the location of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Seismic reflections of rock properties jack dvorkin stanford university, california mario a. Multicomponent seismic data analysis for interval rock. Application of shallow seismic methods to engineering. Main question of rock physics how to remotely map rock properties and conditions. These discontinuities, based on seismic reflection terminations, are indicators of depositional sequences and system tracts formed by one or more of. Reservoir imaging using low frequencies of seismic reflections gennady goloshubin, university of houston, texas, u. Seismic reflection methods the physical process of reflection is illustrated in figure 1, where the raypaths through successive layers are shown. Integration of welllog and seismic reflection data in reservoir modeling 5.
This book introduces readers to the field of seismic data interpretation and evaluation. Download seismic reflections of rock properties 2014 these want assigned exhibits of the deep download seismic reflections of in trace way. The attributes define the shape and arrival time of. Seismic reflection is the most widely used geophysical technique. Seismic data interpretation and evaluation for hydrocarbon. To understand the physical reasons causing this phenomenon, and to utilize it as an attribute of hydrocarbon. V density times acoustic velocity seismic reflection amplitude is proportional to the relative impedance contrast across a contact of two layers. However, in seismic data processing, the density term is generally omitted since the variations in density are generally quite small, as compared to the variations in rock velocity. There are more than 100 distinct seismic attributes calculated from seismic data and applied to the interpretation of geological structure, stratigraphy, and rockpore fluid properties. Vertical axis is the twoway reflection travel time, horizontal axes give the collocated sourcereceiver coordinates, color represents reflection amplitudes the colorcoded upper surface is the water bottom. Seismic reflections of rock properties by dvorkin, jack. Lithologic interpretations of the earth crust from seismic wave velocities are nonunique so that inferences about composition can not be drawn.
The complex seismic trace attributes are found in some instances to correlate with lithological changes and historically have been used to characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs. Seismic reflections of rock properties by dvorkin, jack ebook. Major fields of application of seismic reflection include. Seismic reflections of rock properties, dvorkin, jack. Seismic facies and hydrocarbon potential of carbonate reservoirs in ramp settings 5 interparticle, intercrystalline, moldic, vug, intraparticle, fracture and fenestral wang, 1997. Seismic reflections are generated at interfaces characterized by impedance contrasts separating rock units with different velocity and density values. Lawton abstract the devonian appalachian basin in the northeast united states holds vast reserves of hydrocarbons. Pdf using seismic attributes for reservoir characterization. Accounting for rock physics models in stochastic seismic. The marcellus formation is a black shale that contains one of the worlds largest unconventional tight gas plays. There are more than 100 distinct seismic attributes calculated from seismic data and applied to the interpretation of geological structure, stratigraphy, and rock pore fluid properties.
Integration of rock physics models in a geostatistical seismic. Lowfrequency seismic properties of thermally cracked and argonsaturated granite. Participants will learn the uses of rock physics in interpreting the elastic properties of earth, as sensed by seismic radiation, for lithology, fluid, and porosity determination. Simultaneous inversion of shallow seismic data for imaging. Ideal conditions of application coincidence between seismic interfaces and stratigraphical or lithological ones. Seismic reflections of rock properties this book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physicsbased forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock properties to seismic amplitude. There are commonly several layers beneath the earths surface that contribute reflections to a single seismogram. Accounting for rock physics models in stochastic seismic inversion msc candidate.
Multicomponent seismic data analysis for interval rock properties in the marcellus shale bobby j. University printing house, cambridge cb2 8bs, united kingdom published in the united states of america by cambridge university press, new york. Participants will learn the uses of rock physics in interpreting the elastic properties of earth, as sensed by seismic radiation, for lithology. These synthetic traces can then be compared to actual seismic traces from the field. Much evidence shows the presence of low frequency spectral anomalies with a high degree of correlation to.
Porosity, pressure, saturation rock and fluid prediction away from well. Variations of seismic reflections patterns of carbonate sediments result from the. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. Hardrock seismic reflection through cover scholarworks. Request pdf seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the. Forward modeling of seismic reflections for rock characterization 2. This book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physicsbased forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock. Seismic facies and hydrocarbon potential of carbonate. Seismic models of reflections from attenuating layers.
Seismic reflections of rock properties jack dvorkin, mario a. The resulting seismic amplitude is compared to real seismic data to determine the rock and fluid behind the seismic reflection spikes et al. Gutierrez shell international exploration and production, inc. Integration of well log and seismic reflection data in reservoir modeling 5. Seismic reflections of rock properties by jack dvorkin. Seismic stratigraphy techniques help us for stratigraphic interpretation of seismic reflectors. Seismic reflection surveys provide superior location precision because they are related to changes in the elastic properties of rock across a lithologic interface. Seismic refraction survey in imperial valley geovision typically uses. To answer these questions, i link reservoir thickness, lithology, porosity, and saturation to seismic data by coupling deterministic. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator, commonly known by the trademark name. Seismic reflections of rock properties stanford rock. Seismic reflection an overview sciencedirect topics.
Seismic reflections occur due to acoustic impedance variations in stratal packages at interface boundaries. The seismic section is of high resolution, which makes it possible to map the local smallamplitude structures and stratigraphic nonconformities. The book catalogs various cases, including clastic sediments, carbonates, and timelapse seismic monitoring, and discusses the effect of attenuation on seismic reflections. Lithology, porosity, pressure, saturation rock and fluid prediction away from well control requires understanding of how rock s bulk and seismic properties are linked to each other and how they vary with geologic age, depth, and location. Providing practical workflows, the book shows how to methodically vary lithology, porosity, rock type, and pore fluids and reservoir geometry, calculate the. There are commonly several layers beneath the earths. The seismic reflection method involves the analysis of reflected waves, which occur later in the seismic record. The main structures are in agreement with the ones interpreted from the original seismic data and from previous inversion study over this reservoir azevedo et al. We use seismic reflection as a method of geophysical exploration that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the earths subsurface from reflected seismic waves. Seismic reflections of rock properties request pdf researchgate. In order to evaluate how elastic properties of rock.
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